The Encyclopedia Of Dna Elements - 2709 Words

INTRODUCTION The Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) is a project designed to compare and contrast the repertoire of RNAs produced by the human cells and cross verify with other methods like NGS. After a five year start-up since the beginning of the ENCODE project just 1% of the human genome has been observed and what was achieved was just the confirmation of the results of previous studies. RNA has functions of coding, regulation, decoding, and gene expression. RNA highlights the sequential output from genomes which gives the genetic information. They define the cells regulatory capabilities by their synthesis, translation, transport, processing, and modification. DNA, RNA and cellular proteins are the three most essential†¦show more content†¦Cytosol and Nucleus) for 15 cell lines that were observed. This project also aims to evaluate the degree of modification of the identified transcript at their 3’ and 5’ termini in the predicament of polyadenylation or 7-methyl guanosine cap. A genes isoform expression limits the boundary of minimalistic expression strategy which results in general behavior of genes to express simultaneous multiple isoforms. The results of gene expression range nearly at ten to twelve expressed isoforms for every gene in every cell line. This study shows that 6% of the entire annotated non-coding and coding gene transcripts are overlapping with small RNAs. Highly specific subcellular positioning is found for both unannotated annotated short RNA. METHODS In this paper, the necessary RNA data set was generated by subcellular fractionation of the 15 cell lines considered to analyse the human transcriptome. Thus isolated RNAs were classified into two categories long (200 nucleotides) and short (200 nucleotides) and the long transcripts were further separated into polyadenylated and non-polyadenylated transcripts. Data set Generation The procedure followed for data set generation in this paper is mentioned below: †¢ 15 cell lines were acquired for the purpose of this experiment. Process of subcellular compartment fractionation was performed on these cell lines, this included complete cells, nucleus and cytosol (seen in Table 1). †¢ The process of fractionation